The Culture of Ottoman Empire

Ottoman culture flourished for centuries as the Turks' rulers suckled, transformed, and transformed the various indigenous cultures of the conquered lands and their peoples. There was a strong influence on the customs and languages ​​of Muslim communities, especially the Arabs, while Persian culture had a profound effect on the Persians of the Seljuq Turks, who were pre-Ottoman. Without further ado, the Ottoman Empire, like its predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, was thoroughly investigated by their culture, language, customs, and traditions, and therefore, the empire was described as a Persian empire. Throughout its history, the Turkish Empire had a large population of Orthodox, Armenian, Jewish, and Assyrian subjects, who were allowed to govern themselves under a united government. The Ottomans and their distinct cultures enrich those of the Ottoman Empire.

Literature:

Poetry :

Like all other forms of Turkish art, poetry produced by the Ottoman court circle has had a powerful influence from ancient Persian cultures; Ghazal) was used.

In the 19th century and during the conversion of the Tanzimat, the influence of Turkish folklore, up to that point, in particular, began to emerge in Turkish poetry, and there was a growing influence on European literature; there has been a corresponding decline in ancient court poems. Tevfik Fikret, born in 1867, is often regarded as the inventor of modern Turkish poetry.

Prose:

Prior to the 19th century, Ottoman prose was not only true but much more advanced than Ottoman poetry, in part because most of it followed the original rules of the Arab rhymed prose (Saj '). However, many genres - travelogue, political literature, and biography - were now available.

From the 19th century onward, the growing influence of European novels, especially those of the French novel, began to be felt. Şemsettin Sami's book Taaşuk-u Tal'at ve Fitnat, widely regarded as Turkey's first novel, was published in 1872; other Ottoman prose writers were Ahmet Mithat and Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil.

Architecture :

The Ottoman architecture was an integral part of the Iranian-influenced Seljuk architecture, as reflected in the Konya architecture, the Mamluk architecture, and the Byzantine architecture; reached its greatest development in major public buildings, such as mosques and caravans, in the 16th century.

A prominent figure in this field, the 16th-century designer and engineer Marimar Sinan, was a Muslim convert from Armenia who had knowledge of the Janissaries. One of his students, Sedefkar Mehmed Agha, designed the 17th-century Blue Mosque, which is considered to be the last major construction of ancient Ottoman architecture.

Decorative Arts :

Calligraphy :

Calligraphy had a respectable culture in the Ottomans, whose traditions were shaped by the work of the Abbasid calligrapher Yaqut al-Musta'simi of Baghdad, whose influence spread throughout the Muslim world, al-Musta'simi himself who was of Anatolian descent.

Diwani's script is a distinctive and vivid Ottoman style of Arabic calligraphy dating back to the 16th and early 17th centuries. Founded by Husam Roumi, it culminated in a major development under Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520-66). The most decorative script is divided by the complexity of the line and the clear definition of the letters in the words. Other forms include the flowing, circular Nashki text, founded by the 10th Abbasid calligrapher Ali Muhammad ibn Muqlah, and Ta'liq, based on the Persian Nastalīq style.

Well-known Ottoman calligraphers include Seyid Kasim Gubari, Şeyh Hamdullah, Ahmed Karahisari, and Hâfiz Osma.

Miniatures :

The Ottoman culture of miniature painting, handwriting, or use of dedicated albums was largely influenced by Persian art form, although it also incorporated elements of Byzantine culture into lighting and painting.

Carpet-weaving and textile arts :

The art of weaving carpets was very important in the Ottoman Empire, carpets were very important as decorative items, rich in religious symbols, and so on, and as a practical consideration, as was the custom to remove shoes from the living space.  The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic traditions of central Asia and eventually spread to communities living in Anatolia. The Turks use patterned carpets, magazines, and creams not only on the floor of the room but also as hanging on walls and doors, where they provide additional installation. And they were often donated to the churches of the temples, where they usually collected their large collections

Jewelry :

The Ottoman Empire was known for the quality of its gold and silver carpenters, and especially for the jewelry, they produced. Jewelry was especially important when it came to weddings, such as wedding invitations. Silver was the standard used, and gold was reserved for high-quality pieces; designs often depicted complex work and included Persian and Byzantine paintings. Progress in construction reflected the Ottoman court's interest in the Persian Safavid art, which, for example, became influential after the defeat of Ottoman Ismail I after the Chaldiran war in 1514.  In the rural areas of the Empire, jewelry was simple and often included gold coins, but the formation of Constantinople spread throughout the Ottoman Empire and was reflected in the Egyptian and North African metals.