Architecture of Ottoman

 

The great tradition of Ottoman architecture, founded in the 16th century, was derived from two main sources. One was the complex development of new types of construction that took place throughout Anatolia, especially in Manisa, Iznik, Bursa, and Selçuk in the 14th and early 15th centuries. In addition to the usual mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs, many buildings called tekke were built to houses and other holy men living together. Itkeke was usually assembled in a mosque or cemetery. The whole complex at that time was called külliye. All these buildings continued to build a central, centralized structure, built by the Seljuqs in Anatolia. Another source of Ottoman architecture is Christian art. Byzantine culture, especially as it was incorporated into Hagia Sophia, became a major source of encouragement. Byzantine influence comes from elements such as stones and bricks used together or in the use of circular dome construction. Also influential in the arts were the early Ottoman allies they had with Italy. Thus, in a number of military bases in Bursa, Tur., There is a similarity in style to the exterior design and windows, gates, and roof elements found in Italian architecture. A distinctive feature of Ottoman architecture is that it originated in Islamic and European cultures and, therefore, was part of both.

The apogee of the Ottoman architecture was found in a large series of külliyes and the still dominant mosques in Istanbul: Fatih külliye (1463-70), Bayezid Mosque (after 1491), Selim Mosque (1522), Sehzade külliye (1548), and Süleyman külliye (after 1550). Sehzade and Süleyman külliyes were built by Sinan, a great Ottoman architect, whose masterpiece is the Selim Mosque in Edirne, Tur. (1569-75). All of these structures show complete clarity and logic in planning and ascent; every part is considered in relation to everything, and each element of construction has acquired a sequential function incomplete formation. Any unnecessary items have been removed. This ease of design in the late 15th and 16th centuries is often the result of the fact that the Sinan and many Ottoman builders were first trained as military engineers. Everything in these buildings was under a beautiful central dome. The low-rise type of downhill, vaults, and ascending ridges lead the eye up and down the outside of the building. Minarets, thin and bulky, incorporate an external structure, while the open space of the surrounding courts prevents the building from being swallowed up by the surrounding city. This Ottoman art is seen as the ultimate culmination of two great traditions: the artistic and aesthetic tradition that has been native to Istanbul since the founding of the Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia in the 6th century and another Islamic tradition of the empire up to the 10th century.

While mosques and külliyes are the most important monuments of Ottoman architecture, important landmarks are erected: baths, caravans, and especially the great palace of Topkapi Saray in Istanbul, where 300 years of royalty are kept in its beautiful communities, halls, and fountains.