How Art forms of Islamic Architecture influences on Western Culture ?

 

It is sometimes assumed in Western culture that mistakes in  Islamic patterns, for example, those on rugs were purposefully presented as a demonstration of humility by a craftsman who accepted no one but Allah can deliver flawlessness., however, this hypothesis is denied.

Significant western collections hold numerous objects of generally varying materials with Islamic geometric patterns. There are 283 such objects, of materials including wallpaper, carved-wood, inlaid wood, ceramic, metal, stucco, glass, woven silk, ivory, and pen or pencil drawings in Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

There are other relevant holds 124 materials having Islamic geometric patterns Including Egyptian minbar, an entire Mihrab from Ishfan in The Metropolitan Museum of Art in Newyork.

The German artist M.C. Escher was inspired by the Alhambra's decorative designs to study, and transforming style and influencing the rest of his career. He said: '' The richest source of inspiration I have ever tapped.''

Social institutes like the mathematical Science Research Institute and the Institute of Advance study organized events on Islamic geometric patterns and related aspects of Islamic arts and architecture. The institute named, The Istanbul center of design and the Ensar Foundation, was claimed the first-ever symposium of Islamic Arts and geometric pattern in 2013. Carol Bier, Jay Bonner, Eric Broug, Hacali Necefoglu, and Reza Sarhangi were including in the team, they were experts On Islamic Geometric pattern. The Prince's School of Traditional Arts runs a variety of courses in Islamic Art which includes: Plaster carving, tile making, Arbesquese, geometry, and Calligraphy.

Computer-Aided and computer graphics manufacturing making it possible to design and produce Islamic geometric patterns effectively and financially. How Islamic star patterns can be generated algorithmically explained and illustrated by Craig S. Kaplan in his Ph.D. thesis.

In 2007, Two physicists, Peter J. Lu and Paul Steinhardt claimed that

Girih design, the design used on the darb e Imam shrine in Ishfan, was able to create quasi-periodic tilings resembling those designs which were discovered by Roger Penrose in 1973.

Ahmad Rafsanjani described the use of Islamic geometric patterns from tomb towers in Iran to create auxetic materials from perforated rubber sheets in 2016.  

Stay Tune for More. Thank you.

 

Art forms of Islamic Architecture

There are many art forms of Islamic  Architecture which include: 

• Ceramics.
• Girih tiling and woodwork.
• Jali.
• Kilim.
• Leather. 
• Metalwork.
• Muqarnas. 
• Stained glass.
• Zellige.

Ceramics :

                    Ceramic is the rich heritage of the Islamic world that has a unique aesthetic identity characterized by geometric patterns and calligraphy design. 

 Ceramics Pattern, Uzbekistan

It lends itself to circular motifs, whether radical or tangential. Bowls or plates can be decorated inside or out with radial lines. These may b stylized leaves or flower patterns or flower petals. 

Floral and Geometric pattern of Ceramics

These patterns applied in Islamic architecture since the Ayyubid Period, 13th century A.D.

Girih tiling and woodwork :

                                Girih is decorative  Islamic Geometric patterns used in architecture and handicraft objects. It elaborates five standardized shapes. This style used in Persian Islamic Architecture and also used in decorative woodwork. These Girih designs are traditionally made in different media including cut brickwork, stucco, and mosaic tilework, in the Safavid period.

Jali :

              Jali is pierced stone screens with regularly repeating patterns. They are characteristic of Indo-Islamic Architecture. For example, In Mughal dynasty buildings.

In addition, geometric designs combine octagons and pentagons with other shapes. Jali functions as windows or room dividers. It provides privacy but allows light and air. It forms a prominent element of architecture in India.

Kilim :

           A kilim is an Islamic flatwoven carpet. It used for households also as a prayer mat. Kilim motifs are often symbolic.

Kilim pattern

 And they are usually decorative. Kilim patterns are often characterized by specific regions.

Leather :

             Islamic leather is usually embossed with patterns almost like those already described. Leather book covers, starting with the Quran where figurative artwork was excluded, where decorated with a mixture of Kufic script, medallions, and geometric patterns, typically boarded by geometric braiding.

Metalwork :

             Metal artifacts share an equivalent geometric design that's utilized in other sorts of Islamic art. Geometric designs in Islamic metalwork can form a grid decorated with other motifs or they will form a background pattern.

Muqarnas :

            Muqarnas is a carved ceiling to semidomes often utilized in mosques. They are made from Stucco, also made up of wood, brick, and stone. They are characteristics of the Middle age of Spain and Morroco in Islamic Architecture. They are usually decorated.

Stained glass:

              Stained glass is used during a sort of settings in Islamic Architecture. It is used for surviving summers. Constructed in 1797 in the Palace of Shaki Khans, Azerbaijan.

Stained Glass

There are 6 to 8 pointed stars in the Pattern of stained glass. Tradition stained glass was in a wooden frame. These decorative windows are the features of the Palaces architecture.

Zellige :

            These are glazed terracotta tiles set into plaster, forming colorful glazed patterns. This is the tradition of Morroco but it is also found in Moorish Spain. Mostly, it is used for the adornment of the Mosque, Public buildings, and private houses.

Stay tuned for more information. Thank you.

 

                           

Evolution Of Islamic Geometric Patterns 

There are 3 stages of the Evolution of Islamic Geometric Patterns. 

• Early-stage.
• Middle stage.
• Late-stage.

Early Stage:

                              The earliest Islamic Pattern Formation was isolated shapes such as 8 pointed stars and diamond shapes. It is from 836 in the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, and since then it spread all over the Islamic World.

Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia

Tile work of the Great Mosque of Kairouan

Middle Stage:

The next development of Islamic Geometric patterns appear in 879, was of 6 and 8 point stars at the Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo. Then it became widespread.

Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo.

A variety of Patterns was used in the 11th century. 6 and 8 point patterns appeared in the Tower of Kharaqan at Qazvin, Persia in 1067. And Al Jusyushi Mosque, Egypt in 1085. Again it became widespread from there and these patterns were rare in Turkey.

In 1086, 7 and 10 points patterns appeared on Friday Mosque, Ishfan. And it became spread in the Islamic World except for Spain. Soon afterward   9, 11, and 13 point patterns were used in Barsian Mosque. In 1098, these patterns were used in Persia and Central Asia.

In addition, At the end of the middle stage 8 and 12 pointed geometric patterns were appeared in Alaeddin Mosque at Konya, Turkey in 1220. and in 1230 they also appeared in Abbasid Palace, Baghdad. It became widespread across the world. 

Late Stage :

                              The beginning of late-stage is marked by the use of simple 16 point patterns At the Hasan Sadaqah mausoleum, Cario in 1321 and Alhambra Palace in Spain in 1338-1390. These patterns rarely found outside these two regions.

Al Hambra Palace, Spain

In addition, These Patterns were also found in the Sultan Hasan complex, Cario. in 1363. Finally, 14 point patterns appear in the Jama mosque at Fatehpur Sikri in India in 1571- 1569.

Fatehpur Sikri, India

So, These were the three stages of the formation of Islamic geometric patterns. It was formed gradually in every stage. Instead of this these patterns forms in many artworks which I will discuss later. I hope you like this. Stay tuned for next. Thank you.

,

Islamic Geometric Patterns

In Islamic Arts and Architecture, Islamic geometric patterns have been developed over the centuries. In Islamic Decoration, a lot of Geometric patterns used to avoid the tendency of Figurative images. The geometric pattern often in the form of Repeated squares and circles which may overlap. These patterns may be used in entire decoration or a framework or floral patterns or into the backgrounds.

 
Islamic Geometric Pattern

 They derived from simple designs used in earlier cultures like Roman, Greek, and Sasanian. The variety of Geometric patterns used evolved from simple stars in the 9th century, 6 to 14 stars in the 13th century and finally 14 and 15 stars in the 16th century.

Geometric Patterns occur in variety in Islamic Arts and Architecture Including carpets, Tilework, Muqarnas, Jalis, woodwork, stained glass, and metalwork. In the 20th century,  the interest in Islamic Geometric patterns increased among the west.

The purpose of Islamic Geometric Pattern was to lead the viewers to an understanding of the reality rather than the decoration.

Formation of Pattern:

                                         Islamic geometric patterns are built on square, circles, and typically repeated and overlapped to form a complex design. A motif is the 8 pointed star, it is made up of two squares, one rotated 45 degrees with respect to others, can often be seen in Islamic decoration.

Motif in Islamic Geometric Pattern

In Islamic Geometric Patterns, Circle Indicates the unity and diversity in nature. Many Islamic decorative patterns are drawn  Starting with a circle.

Circle decorative Patterns

Islamic Geometric Patterns are the most beautiful and unique feature in Islamic arts and architecture.  Decoration and Islamic motifs have been used in every structure of Islamic Architecture.

Stay tuned for More. Thank you!